| PROCESS | METAL | APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION |
NORMAL COATING THICKNESS AND COLOR OR APPEARANCE |
REMARKS |
| ALODINE | See CHEMICAL FILMS | |||
| ANODIZE – CHROMIC ACID | ALUMINUM | MIL-A-8625/AMS-A-8625
TYPE I – Conventional TYPE IB – Low Voltage CLASS 1 – Non Dyed CLASS 2 – Dyed |
.00002-.0003 Clear to dark gray depending on alloy | Not to be applied to alloys with copper content in excess of 5.0% or silicon in excess 7.0% and when total alloying elements exceed 7.5%. Non-conductive, good paint base, poor abrasion resistance, not good for dyes except black. Should be used for close tolerance parts. |
| ANODIZE – SULFURIC ACID | ALUMINUM | MIL-A-8625/AMS-A-8625
TYPE II CLASS 1 – Non Dyed CLASS 2 – Dyed |
.00007-.001 Clear All colors | Not to be applied to assemblies or parts with joints or recesses which might entrap solution. Good electrical barrier and paint base. May be dyed in all colors. Dichromate seal, when specified, will impart yellow color. Produces excellent decorative finishes when the part is either polished, brushed, or bright dipped prior to anodizing. Good corrosion and abrasion resistance. |
| ANODIZE – HARD | ALUMINUM | MIL-A-8625/AMS-A-8625
TYPE III CLASS 1 – Non Dyed CLASS 2 – Dyed |
Unless otherwise specified, .0016/.0024 will be applied. Color will vary with alloy and thickness | Dense hard wear resistant coating. Coatings are approximately 50% penetration and 50% buildup. Excellent dielectric and heat absorption properties. May be considered for minor salvage applications. Sealing greatly increases corrosion resistance, but slightly reduces wearing qualities. Teflon sealing may be substituted to increase lubricity. |
| ANODIZE – SEAL DURASEAL | ALUMINUM | NONE | No dimensional change | The ultimate seal for corrosion resistance on all alloys, exceeds AMS-A-8625 requirements. |
| ANODIZE PRINTING | ALUMINUM | NONE | .0001-.001 Clear All colors | A method of anodizing letters, symbols, characters, logos, and numerals on an anodized background. The letters are of one color and the background of another. Superior to regular ink printing because of the corrosion and solven resistance of anodize, and is an excellent alternative to engraving. |
| BAKING | ALL | In accordance with applicable plating specification | No dimensional change Slight staining may result | Used for stress relief or hydrogen embrittlement before and/or after processing; for improving the adhesion of plating the base metal; or increasing the hardness of plating. All ovens are certified. |
| +CANCELLED
*We do not perform this process but it can be vended to an approved source for your convenience. |
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| PROCESS | METAL | APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION |
NORMAL COATING THICKNESS AND COLOR OR APPEARANCE |
REMARKS |
| BLACK OXIDE | IRON, STEEL, STAINLESS STEEL, COPPER ALLOYS | +MIL-C-13924 s/s
MIL-DTL-13924/AMS 2485 CLASS 1 – Iron & Steel *CLASS 2 – 400 series stainless steel *CLASS 3 – Fused salt process CLASS 4 – Stainless steel MIL-F-495 – copper alloys |
No dimensional change Black | Poor abrasion resistance. Poor corrosion resistance except for some 300 series stainless steels with CLASS 4 coating. Used where a black surface and low light reflection is required. Supplementary wax or oil dip (VV-L-800 Preservative Water Displacing Oil on CLASS 1) will improve appearance and corrosion resistance. Good for decorative purposes when base metal is polished before processing. Not recommended for long term storage of parts, unless packing protection is included. |
| BLASTING (includes glass bead and Aluminum oxide) | ALL | MIL-STD-1504 or as required by applicable process specification | May remove metal Dull to semi-bright | For removing scale and rust, etc., and blending imperfections. The amount of metal removed will depend on media selected. May be used for decorative and optical finishes. Provides uniform matte finish before decorative processing. |
| BRIGHT DIPS | ALUMINUM, BRASS, COPPER | NONE | Removes metal Bright | Chemical polishing which improves appearance of finishes on aluminum, brass and copper. Used for cleaning metal before welding and pressure testing. |
| CADMIUM | ALL | +QQ-P-416 s/s AMS-QQ-P-416 TYPE I-Without supplementary chromate treatment TYPE II-With supplementary chromate treatment TYPE III – With supplementary phosphate treatment |
CLASS 1 – .0005 Min.
CLASS 2 – .0003 Min. CLASS 3 – .0002 Min. TYPE I – Clear TYPE II – Gold, Olive Drab, Black Treatment TYPE III – Gray Dull to bright |
Most commonly used plating. High density of plate affords excellent corrosion resistance. TYPE I coating is very susceptible to stains and fingerprints. TYPE II coating is excellent for resistance to moisture and humidity, and a paint base. Chromate colors besides gold are clear, olive drab and a black treatment. TYPE III is a good paint base. Stress relief is required on metal with a hardness of Rockwell C34 or above and hydrogen embrittlement relief is required after plating on metal with a hardness of Rockwell C36 or above. |
| CHEMICAL FILMS (Alodine, Iridite, etc.) | ALUMINUM | +MIL-C-5541 s/s AMS – C- 5541
CLASS 1A for maximum protec- tion against corrosion on painted or unpainted surfaces. CLASS 3 for protection against corrosion where low electrical resistance is required. |
No dimensional change Gold or clear as specified | Used mainly as a paint base that improves paint adhesion. Good corrosion resistance. Electrically conductive. Normally gold color unless otherwise specified. CLASS 3 coating is used primarily for low electrical resistance contact and has less corrosion resistance than CLASS 1A coating. |
| CHROMIUM | ALL | +QQ-C-320 s/s AMS-QQ-C-320
CLASS 1 – Corrosion protective (decorative) TYPE I – Bright TYPE II – Satin *CLASS 2 – Engineering (hard) |
CLASS 1 – .00001-.00005 (plus underplate)
*CLASS 2 – .002 unless otherwise specified Dull to bright |
Decorative chrome is normally applied over copper and nickel plate. TYPE I bright coating is put on either the base metal that is polished or as is. TYPE II satin coating is put on the base metal that is either blasted, grained or brushed. Hard chrome is plated directly on the base metal. Parts requiring heavy metal deposits should be overplated and ground to the final finished dimension. |
| +CANCELLED
*We do not perform this process but it can be vended to an approved source for your convenience. |
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| PROCESS | METAL | APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION |
NORMAL COATING THICKNESS AND COLOR OR APPEARANCE |
REMARKS |
| CHROME PICKLE | MAGNESIUM | Gray to brown | Affords some protection and may be required before machining. | |
| CHROMIC ACID TOUCH UP | See Dow #19 | |||
| COPPER | ALL | +MIL-C-14550(s/sAMS-2418) CLASS 0 - .001-.005 CLASS 1 – .001 min. CLASS 2 – .0005 min. CLASS 3 - .0002 min. CLASS 4 – .0001 min. AMS-2418 TYPE 1 – Engrg. Plating Thickness = .0005-.0007 TYPE 2 – Plating for masking Thickness = .002 nominal |
Stop off for heat treat (CLASS 0) and carburizing (CLASS 1). Undercoat for other plated metals to improve adhesion, corrosion resistance, and to increase electrical conductivity (CLASS 2). Under tin plating to prevent base metal migration into the tin (prevents poisoning solderability) (CLASS 3 and CLASS 4). |
|
| COPPER SULFATE TEST | See TESTING | |||
| DOW #7 (Dichromate Treatment) | MAGNESIUM | AMS-M-3171 TYPE III
ASTM D1732 CLASS 1, TYPE III |
No dimensional change Brassy to dark brown | Good paint base. Best corrosion protection of the chemical coatings on magnesium. May be applied to all alloys except EK30A, EK41A, EK33A, HK31A, M1A, HM31A, HM21A, and LA141A. |
| DOW #9 (Galvanic Anodize) | MAGNESIUM | AMS-M-3171 TYPE IV
ASTM D 1732 CLASS 2, TYPE I |
No dimensional change Dark brown to black | Good paint base. Used on alloys that won’t take DOW#7 and parts requiring a non-reflective black coating. |
| DOW #19 (Chromic Acid Touch Up) | MAGNESIUM | AMS-M-3171 TYPE VI | No dimensional change Brassy to brown | Commonly used to touch up rack marks, surface scratches, reworked areas, and surfaces that have been remachined or abraded. |
| DOW #21 (Ferric Nitrate Bright Pickle) | MAGNESIUM | NONE | Removes metal Satin to bright | Good paint base. Poor corrosion resistance. May be coated with lacquer or clear bake enamel to preserve brightness. |
| DRY FILM LUBE or DRY LUBE | See SOLID FILM LUBRICANT | |||
| +CANCELLED
*We do not perform this process but it can be vended to an approved source for your convenience. |
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| PROCESS | METAL | APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION |
NORMAL COATING THICKNESS AND COLOR OR APPEARANCE |
REMARKS |
| ELECTROLESS NICKEL | ALL | AMS-C-26074
CLASS 1 – As plated, no subse- quent heat treatment CLASS 2 – Heat treated to obtain required hardness CLASS 3 – On aluminum alloys, nonheat-treatable, & beryllium alloys, processed to verify nickel adhesion CLASS 4 – On aluminum alloys, heat-treatable, processed to verify nickel adhesion AMS 2404 = Thks. as specified |
Semi-bright
GRADE A = .0010 min. GRADE B = .0005 min. GRADE C = .0015 min. |
100% uniformity of plating thickness on all accessible internal and external areas. Exceptionally good for salvage purposes. Good corrosion, oxidation, and wear resistance. Facilitates soldering on aluminum and brazing on stainless steel. CLASS 1 and CLASS 2 coated steel parts, Rockwell C40 or above, are baked for hydrogen embrittlement relief. CLASS 2 coated parts are additionally heated to 500 degrees F. or more, to harden the nickel deposit to 800 Knoop or better. CLASS 3 and 4 coated parts shall be baked for 1-1 1/2 hours at 375 degrees or 250 degrees F. respectively. |
| ETCHING | MOST | NONE | Removes metal. Dull to bright | To improve appearance, remove burrs and oxidation, clean for spot welding, give satin finish, prepenetrant etch, etc. |
| GALVANIC ANODIZE | MAGNESIUM | See Dow #9 | ||
| HAE (A superior type of anodic coating) |
MAGNESIUM | +MIL-M-45202s/sASTM D 1732
TYPE 1 – Light coating CLASS A – Tan coating GRADE 1 – No post treatment GRADE 2 – With bifluoride- dichromate post treatment TYPE II – Heavy coating CLASS A – Hard brown coating GRADE 1 – No post treatment GRADE 3 – With bifluoride- dichromate post treatment GRADE 4 – With bifluoride- dichromate post treatment including moist heat aging GRADE 5 – Same as grade 4 except double bifluoride |
TYPE I CLASS A .0001-.0003 Tan TYPE II CLASS A .0013-.0017 Oatmeal to dark brown ASTM D 1732 Class 2, Type III 1st Phase = Thks .0002″ 2nd Phase = Thks .001-.0012″ |
It is generally agreed by most authorities that this treatment is the best all around coating for magnesium in existence. The coating thickness is approximately 40 percent penetration and 60 percent buildup. When selected organic post-treatments are applied, a salt spray test of up to 1000 hours is possible. The coating is non-conductive. TYPE II coatings have extremely good resistance to abrasion. TYPE I light coatings are normally tan in color. TYPE II heavy coatings will range from an oatmeal color to dark brown, depending on the thickness of the coating. HAE coatings are not affected by extreme temperature variations. A heavy coated panel heated to 1075 degrees F. and plunged into ice water will show no ill effects to the coating. This process can be selectively applied by masking the areas that have to be free of coating for: electrical grounding, close tolerance dimensions, heavy buildups for salvage purposes, etc. The coating may be used on all magnesium alloys. |
| HUMIDITY TEST | See TESTING | |||
| +CANCELLED
*We do not perform this process but it can be vended to an approved source for your convenience. |
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| PROCESS | METAL | APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION |
NORMAL COATING THICKNESS AND COLOR OR APPEARANCE |
REMARKS |
| HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT RELIEF | See BAKING | |||
| IRIDITE | See CHEMICAL FILMS | |||
| IRIDITE #15 | MAGNESIUM | AMS-M-3171 TYPE VIII | Experience shows it may remove metal Brassy to dark brown | Good paint base on all alloys. Limited corrosion protection. Used for alloys that won’t take Dow #7. Careful control is necessary to avoid etching of base metal. |
| MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION | STEEL AND MAGNETIC MATERIAL | ASTM E 1444 | No dimensional change No appearance change | This inspection method is used for detecting cracks, seams, laps, inclusions, welding flaws, and discontinuities on the surfaces of ferromagnetic materials. |
| NICKEL (Electrodeposited) | ALL | +QQ-N-290s/sAMS-QQ-N-290
CLASS 1 – Corrosion protective CLASS 2 – Engineering |
CLASS 1
GRADE A – .0016 min. GRADE B – .0012 min. GRADE C – .0010 min. GRADE D – .0008 min. GRADE E – .0006 min. GRADE F – .0004 min. GRADE G – .0002 min. CLASS 2 – as specified |
There is a nickel finish for almost any need. Nickel can be deposited in soft or hard form, dull to bright finish. Corrosion resistance is related to the thickness applied. Low thermal expansion. Slightly magnetic. CLASS 2 plating will be .002 to .003 thick unless otherwise specified, but may be controlled to fit any engineering application. CLASS 1 coatings that include copper undercoat are used for decorative chromium systems. Embrittlement relief is required on all metals with hardnesses above Rockwell C40. |
| PAINTING (Spray) | ALL | MIL-T-704 MIL-F-7179 MIL-F-18264 | Thickness as specified Colors per FED-STD-595 or custom matched | Our facilities can apply materials such as alkyd, acrylic, epoxy, and polyurethane enamels, vinyl and acrylic lacquers, varnishes and resin coatings, epoxy, acid-wash, red-oxide, and zinc chromate primers. Finishes such as class A, hammertone, wrinkle, and texture. Also, see SOLID FILM LUBRICANT. |
| PASSIVATE | STAINLESS STEELS | AMS2700 Method I only/+AMS-QQ-P-35
TYPE II – Medium temp. nitric acid solution with sodium dichromate additive TYPE VI – Low temp. nitric acid solution TYPE VII – Medium temp. Nitric acid solution TYPE VIII – Medium temp. high concentration nitric acid ASTM A 967 |
No dimensional change No appearance change | Dissolves all traces of foreign materials such as pieces of iron particles, tool scrapings, chips, etc. that will cause rust or stain spots if they are not removed. A thin transparent passive film forms over the surface and prevents this condition from occurring. The presence of rust and/or heavy heat treat scale may necessitate a prepickle. Our inspection personnel conduct the required copper sulfate, salt spray, and water immersion inspection tests in our own testing department and chemical laboratory in accordance with AMS-STD-753 and ASTM B 117. (See TESTING) |
| +CANCELLED
*We do not perform this process but it can be vended to an approved source for your convenience. |
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| PROCESS | METAL | APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION |
NORMAL COATING THICKNESS AND COLOR OR APPEARANCE |
REMARKS |
| PENETRANT INSPECTION | ALL | ASTM E 1417 TYPE I – Fluorescent dye
TYPE II – Visible dye METHOD A – Water-washable METHOD B - |
Prepenetrant etch of .0002 – .0004 metal removal on all alloys when approved by consumer | This process is generally used on aluminum, magnesium, and stainless steels. It can, however, be useful on other metals and materials. Detects cracks, discontinuities, corrosion, welding flaws, laps, cold shuts and porosity. Prepenetrant etching is performed in house when required and approved. Critical surface finishes and areas with close tolerances are masked, as required, to protect them from metal removal, prior to the etching operation. |
| PHOSPHATE (Heavy) | IRON AND STEEL | +DOD-P-16232 s/s MIL-DTL-16232 TYPE M – Manganese base TYPE Z – Zinc base CLASS 1 – With preservative CLASS 2 – MIL-PRF-16173Gr.3 CLASS 3 – No preservative *CLASS 4 – Chemically |
.0002-.0006 avg. thickness, however coating is measured by weight Gray to Black Type M-16g/m2 Type Z-11g/m2 |
Abrasive blasting is the required pretreatment, unless otherwise specified by customer or drawing. Used for corrosion protection of ferrous metals. Also used to prevent galling in cold extrusion and deep-drawing applications. Not recommended if the coating is expected to come in contact with alkaline materials or to be exposed to temperatures above 200 degrees F. CLASS 2 and CLASS 4 coatings extend the corrosion protection of |
| PHOSPHATE (Light) | IRON AND STEEL | TT-C-490 Zinc base TYPE 1 TYPE V | Minor dimensional change
TYPE 1 300-500 mg/sq ft coating weight TYPE V 500-1100 mg/sq ft coating weight Gray |
Used for pretreatment of base metal for organic coatings such as primer, enamel, lacquer, etc. Improves corrosion resistance of the base metal, and promotes better adhesion between the base metal and the organic coating. Also, used for post treatment of both cadmium and zinc plating. |
| PICKLING | ALL | In accordance with applicable plating specifications | Removes metal Cleaner and brighter surface |
Generally used as a cleaner to remove corrosion, rust and scale from heat treating or welding. The hazards involved in this process should be investigated before using. |
| *POLISHING | ALL | NONE | Removes metal Satin to bright | Bright buffing and satin brushing, or graining for plated or unplated decorative finishes. Removes surface imperfections. |
| +CANCELLED
*We do not perform this process but it can be vended to an approved source for your convenience. |
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| PROCESS | METAL | APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION |
NORMAL COATING THICKNESS AND COLOR OR APPEARANCE |
REMARKS |
| PREVENTIVE COM- POUND SOLVENT CUTBACK COLD APPLICATION | ALL | MIL-PRF-16173 GRADE 1 – Hard film GRADE 2 – Soft film GRADE 3 – Water displacing, soft film GRADE 4 – Transparent, non- tacky film GRADE 5 – Hot water-low pressure removable film |
GRADE 1 – .004 max. (0 to 175 degrees F. resistant)
GRADE 2 – .002 maximum (-40 degrees F. resistant) GRADE 3 – .001 maximum GRADE 4 – .002 max. (-40 to 175 degrees F. resistant) GRADE 5 – .001 maximum Brown to Black |
Corrosion preventives are applied in a petroleum solvent. The solvent evaporates leaving a protective film. GRADE 1 is for metals exposed to outdoor weather, for up to one year. GRADE 2 is for machine parts, indoors for up to six months. GRADE 3 is for displacing water and protection of interior parts for up to four months. GRADE 4 is for indoor or shed storage of parts. Also, where a tack-free or translucent coating is required. GRADE 5 is the same as GRADE 3 except the film is removed with hot water or low pressure steam. |
| SILK SCREEN PRINTING | ALL | AS SPECIFIED (Also see ANODIZE PRINTING) | No dimensional change All colors | An excellent means to label parts for identification and information with enamel, epoxy, lacquer, plastisol or vinyl inks. Print on metal anodized, bare, painted, plated, etc. |
| SILVER | ALL | AMS 2410, AMS 2411 & AMS 2412 QQ-S-365s/s ASTM B 700
TYPE I – Matte TYPE II – Semi bright *TYPE III – Bright GRADE A – With supplemen- tary tarnish-resistant treatment GRADE B – Without supplementary tarnish-resistant treatment ASTM B 700 TYPE I – III – Purity GRADE A – Matte GRADE D – Semi bright *GRADE B + C – Bright CLASS N – no tarnish resistant CLASS S – with tarnish resistant. |
.0005 unless otherwise specified. Suggested are .0003 for soldering parts: .0005 for corrosion protection of nonferrous basis metals. See REMARKS |
Excellent conductivity. Application of light water dip lacquer or tarnish-resistant treatment per GRADE A does not impair solderability. Greatly increases conductivity of lesser metals. Ferrous basis surfaces require an undercoat of .0005 comprised of copper or nickel or any combination. Nickel undercoat is advantageous when corrosion protection is important. |
| SOLID FILM LUBRICANT | ALL | AS-5272 TYPE I, TYPE II
MIL-PRF-46010 TYPE III MIL-L-23398 MIL-L-45983 MIL-L-81329 MIL-L-85614 |
.0003-.0005 Dull gray to black | Pretreatment compatible with the base material is normally necessary (ie; anodize, chemical film, blasting and phosphate etc.) Low co-efficient of friction reduces wear, prevents galling and seizing. Excellent fluid and corrosion resistance when used in conjunction with pretreatment. |
| STRESS RELIEF | See BAKING | |||
| SULFAMATE NICKEL | ALL | +QQ-N-290s/sAMS-QQ-290
CLASS 2 |
.002-.003 or as specified Semi-bright | Low stressed nickel deposit. Used for wear and abrasion resistance. Also, for heavy buildups on worn parts and for salvage purposes. |
| +CANCELLED
*We do not perform this process but it can be vended to an approved source for your convenience. |
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| PROCESS | METAL | APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION |
NORMAL COATING THICKNESS AND COLOR OR APPEARANCE |
REMARKS |
| TESTING (for lot acceptance) | ALL PLATED AND UNPLATED | ASTM B 117 – Salt Spray MIL-STD-753 *METHOD 100 – Humidity METHOD 101 – Water immersion METHOD 102 - Copper sulfate Also applicable process specifications |
No dimensional change Salt spray is considered a “destructive” test. | These tests are designed to verify the integrity of various metals and metal surface finishes. The salt spray method is used extensively for testing of anodize, chemical films, and plated metal coatings. The salt spray, humidity, water immersion, and copper sulfate methods are used to check on the passivity of stainless steel after the passivation process. |
| TIN | ALL | ASTM B 545
CLASS A – Mild service with no exposure to atmosphere CLASS B – Mild service for sol- dering or antigalling CLASS C – Moderate service with indoor exposure CLASS D – Severe service with exposure to dampness and/or mild corrosion conditions CLASS E – Very severe service |
CLASS A- .0001 min.
CLASS B- .0002 min. CLASS C- .00032 min. .0004 for steel substrates CLASS D- .0006 min. .0008 for steel substrates CLASS E- .0012 min. Dull gray to bright appearance |
Dull ( matte) or bright appearance must be specified. Underplate of copper (.0001 min.) or nickel (.000050 min.) must be used on brass and zinc alloys to prevent zinc migration. For CLASS A plating that will not be exposed to solder temperatures (especially those that must function as electrically conductive surfaces), a nickel underplate of .000050 min., shall be applied prior to tin plating. Dull and bright tin have excellent solderability and fair corrosion resistance. At room temperature dull (matte) plating oxidizes slowly but bright plating oxidizes less readily. Dull and bright tin have low electrical resistance and antigalling properties. |
| TITANIUM CLEANING AND DESCALING | TITANIUM | ASTM B 600 | Cleaning – no metal removal Descaling – metal removal Uniform metallic appearance | Cleaning process – the removal of discolorations and stains. Descaling process – the removal of oxides, heat treat scale, surface contaminants by acid pickling or abrasive blasting. |
| ZINC | ALL | ASTM B 633 TYPE I – Without supplementary treatment TYPE II – With colored chromate conversion coatings TYPE III – With colorless chro- mate conversion coatings TYPE IV – With phosphate conversion coatings |
F2/Zn 25 (25 microns)-.001 SC 4 (very severe) Fe/Zn 13 (13 microns)-.0005 SC 3 (severe) Fe/Zn 8 (8 microns)-.0003 SC 2 (moderate) Fe/Zn 5 (5 microns)-.0002 SC1 (mild) TYPE I – Clear TYPE II – Gold TYPE III – Clear TYPE IV – Gray Dull to bright |
Gives galvanic protection to base metal. Untreated (TYPE I) zinc plating does not maintain its bright surface for a very long period of time. TYPE II AND TYPE III treatments retard the formation of white corrosion products on the plated surface. The service life of zinc plating is a function of conditions such as thickness, exposure, and usage. The Service Conditions are as follows SC 4 – Very Severe. Exposure to harsh conditions, or subject to frequent exposure to moisture, cleaners, and saline solutions, and damage by denting, scratching, or abrasive wear. SC 3 – Severe: Exposure to condensation, perspiration, infrequent wetting by rain, and cleaners. SC 2 – Moderate: Exposure mostly to dry indoor atmospheres but subject to occasional condensation, wear, or abrasion. SC 1 – Mild: Exposure to indoor atmospheres with rare condensation and subject to minimum wear or abrasion. |
| +CANCELLED
*We do not perform this process but it can be vended to an approved source for your convenience. |
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